Did you know? March is colorectal cancer awareness month. Excluding skin cancer, colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of death from cancer in the United States.
The colon and rectum are the last parts of our digestive system. The colon is responsible for the absorption of water, electrolytes and vitamins and forms food materials into waste to be excreted through the rectum.
The colon is a unique organ in that it is filled with about 100 trillion bacterial cells—our microbiome—that break down indigestible matter such as fiber. Our microbiome is essential for our digestion and our absorption of certain nutrients, and it also is important for our immunity.
What is colorectal cancer?
- Colorectal cancer occurs when cells in either the large intestine (colon) or rectum grow abnormally.
- Over time, these growths (known as polyps) may turn into cancer
- A colon cancer screening is important to find any abnormal growths so they can be removed before they become cancerous or to find cancer at an early stage; early detection and treatment allow for more treatment options.
Colorectal cancer risk factors include:
- Lifestyle factors, such as sedentary behavior, tobacco use and frequent alcohol consumption
- Having a high BMI, eating a diet high in processed meats and low in fruits, vegetables and fiber.
- Being older in age and having a family history of colorectal cancer and/or polyps
When should screening start?
- If you are between 45 and 75 years old, you should be regularly tested for colon cancer.
- You may need to be tested before age 45 if you have had close relatives who have had colorectal polyps or colon cancer; if you have a form of inflammatory bowel disease; or if you have certain genetic syndromes.
If you are in the age range, or are at increased risk, make sure to discuss when to begin screening with your healthcare provider.
To help prevent colon cancer, ensure your diet is rich in plant-based foods that are high in fiber, drink plenty of water, aim for 150 minutes per week of physical activity, and avoid tobacco and excessive alcohol intake.
